问题
你想要重命名因子水平。
方案
# 处理一个因子的样例
x <- factor(c("alpha","beta","gamma","alpha","beta"))
x
#> [1] alpha beta gamma alpha beta
#> Levels: alpha beta gamma
levels(x)
#> [1] "alpha" "beta" "gamma"
最简单的办法是使用plyr
包中的revalue()
或者mapvalues()
函数。
library(plyr)
revalue(x, c("beta"="two", "gamma"="three"))
#> [1] alpha two three alpha two
#> Levels: alpha two three
mapvalues(x, from = c("beta", "gamma"), to = c("two", "three"))
#> [1] alpha two three alpha two
#> Levels: alpha two three
如果你不想要依赖plyr
包,你可以使用R的内置函数进行以下处理。注意这些方法会直接修改变量x
;这说明,你不需要将结果重新赋值回给x
。
# 通过名字重命名: change "beta" to "two"
levels(x)[levels(x)=="beta"] <- "two"
# 你也可以通过位置重命名,但这种做法比较危险(会因数据变化造成不可控结果),不值得推荐
# 通过因子列表索引重命名: change third item, "gamma", to "three".
levels(x)[3] <- "three"
x
#> [1] alpha two three alpha two
#> Levels: alpha two three
# 重命名所有的因子水平
levels(x) <- c("one","two","three")
x
#> [1] one two three one two
#> Levels: one two three
我们可以不使用plyr
包而通过名字实现因子水平的重命名,但记住这只有在所有的水平都在列表中时才起作用,否则会返回NA以代替寻找不到的因子水平。
# Rename all levels, by name
x <- factor(c("alpha","beta","gamma","alpha","beta"))
levels(x) <- list(A="alpha", B="beta", C="gamma")
x
#> [1] A B C A B
#> Levels: A B C
我们也可以使用R的字符串搜索与替换函数去重命名因子水平。注意字符alpha
周围的^
与$
符号是用来确保整个字符串能够匹配(正则表达式)。如果没有它们,字符alphabet
也能够被成功匹配并会被替换为onbet
。
# 一个样例
x <- factor(c("alpha","beta","gamma","alpha","beta"))
x
#> [1] alpha beta gamma alpha beta
#> Levels: alpha beta gamma
levels(x) <- sub("^alpha$", "one", levels(x))
x
#> [1] one beta gamma one beta
#> Levels: one beta gamma
# Across all columns, replace all instances of "a" with "X"
levels(x) <- gsub("a", "X", levels(x))
x
#> [1] one betX gXmmX one betX
#> Levels: one betX gXmmX
# gsub() replaces all instances of the pattern in each factor level.
# sub() replaces only the first instance in each factor level.
更多参考
匹配向量中值并将其替换为新的值操作类似,参见 ../Mapping vector values获取更多信息。
原文链接:http://www.cookbook-r.com/Manipulating_data/Renaming_levels_of_a_factor/